Fundamental Quantities
There are 7 fundamental quantities, namely: length, mass, time, temperature, electric current, amount of substance, and luminous intensity.
Length. In daily life, length is used for measuring distance, thickness of a book, etc. In science length represents the distance between two points, for instance the length of the side of a triangle is the distance between two corners of the triangle. The SI of length is meter (m).
Mass. The amount of materials in the substance is called mass. Mass is not the same as weight. The mass is determined by the contained materials and fixed state although the object’s position changes. Weight depends on the position of the object on the earth and is affected by the gravitational force. In SI, mass uses fundamental unit of kilogram (kg) and is measured with lever balance while unit of weight is Newton (N) and is measured with spring balance.
Time. Time is the duration between two events. For example, daylight is between the sunrise and sun set. Life time is between birth and death. The SI unit for time is second (s).
Temperature. Fire is hot but ice is cold. A hot object is said to have high temperature, but a cold object has low temperature. Thus temperature shows the degree of hotness and coldness of an object. The common measuring tool for temperature is a thermometer.
A. Questions:
1. How many types of fundamental quantities are there? What are they?
2. Give examples of objects around us that have length!
3. What is ‘mass’?
4. What is the difference between ‘mass’ and ‘weight’?
5. What is ‘time’?
6. What is ‘temperature’?
B. Answer the following questions in long form by choosing the possible answer below.
• influenced by the gravitational force
• is influenced by the gravitational force
• kilogram
• meter
• to represent the distance between two points
• length, mass, time, and temperature
• not influenced by the gravitational force
• 4
• the amount of material in the substance
• Newton
• not the same
• for measuring distance
1. How many fundamental quantities are there frequently used in daily life?
2. What are they?
3. What is length used for?
4. What is length used for science?
5. What is the SI unit for length?
6. What is mass?
7. Is mass the same as weight?
8. What is the difference between mass and weight?
a) Mass is…………….
b) Weight is……………
9. What is the SI unit for mass?
10. What is the SI unit for weight?
C. Fill in the blank with the appropriate words.
Physical quantity is classified into two, namely: fundamental quantity and derived quantity. Some examples of (1) ______________ are length, mass, time and electric current. There are some fundamental quantities that are usually used in daily life. The first is length. In science, length represents the (2) _____________ between two points. The unit of measurement for length is (3) _________. The second is mass. Mass is not the same as (4) __________. The mass is determined by the contained material and (5) __________. Mass is not influenced by (6) _______________. Unlike mass, weights are affected by the gravitational force. The basic unit of (7) ___________ is kilogram while (8) ____________ is Newton. The third is time. Time is the (9) _________ between two events. The measurement for time is (10) __________. The last is temperature. The degree of hotness and coldness of an object is another name of temperature. The tool used to measure temperature is (11) ______________.
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